Continuous extrusion foaming process of biodegradable nanocomposites based on poly(lactic acid)/carbonaceous nanoparticles with different geometric shapes: An insight into involved physical, chemical and rheological phenomena

Abstract One‐step extrusion foaming process of biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA)‐based nanocomposites in the presence chemical agent and chain extender has great complexity to control. In this work, PLA‐based containing different carbonaceous nanoparticles with geometric shapes were obtained through a co‐rotating twin‐screw get insight into dominant phenomena, which control structural final properties PLA foams. The reactive melt was investigated carbon black, nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO), additive as well agent. Nanoparticles affect continuous several including providing bubble heterogeneous nucleation sites, intensifying decomposition agent, improving modification reaction, increasing molecular weight restricting dissolved gas removal from melt. By influencing involved phenomena process, at low levels, especially CNT GO, increased void content cell size incorporation GO nanofillers 0.5 phr level electrical conductivity foams sharply by 9 10 orders magnitude, resulting lightweight, semi‐conductive